Chloroplasts are special semi-autonomous organelles. They contain the chlorophyll which are essential pigments for harvesting solar energy in photosynthetic systems. Chloroplast's role is multifaceted ...

Chloroplast proteases are central to maintaining the functional integrity of the photosynthetic machinery. They regulate the degradation of damaged, misfolded, or obsolete proteins, thereby ensuring ...

The nonchromosomal stripe 2 (NCS2) mutant of maize (Zea mays L.) has a DNA rearrangement in the mitochondrial genome that segregates with the abnormal growth phenotype. Yet, the NCS2 characteristic ...

It is said that 10 to 15% of the world's agricultural production loss is caused by diseases, which is equivalent of the food for about 500 million people. And since 70-80% of this plant disease is ...

Chloroplasts, the plant cell's green solar power generators, were once living beings in their own right. This changed about one billion years ago, when they were swallowed up but not digested by ...