Although exercise-associated hyponatremia has been reported in several studies, the effect of participation in long-distance triathlon races on plasma sodium levels is unknown. Prior studies have ...

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Philip Andrew eloquently explains the problems of referring to circulating plasma volume as “effective,” and we concur with his comments. Our reference to low effective circulating volume in heart ...

Hyponatremia is characterized by an abnormally low sodium level in the blood. Symptoms can vary, but may include weakness, fatigue, headaches, nausea, and more. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that ...