Chemical equilibria in reactive systems underpin many natural and industrial processes, where the interplay between chemical reactions and phase separations yields complex behaviours. In these systems ...

Researchers used cloud point measurements to construct a phase diagram. The solid lines represent the droplet density, while the dashed lines represent the solution density. Crystallization is a ...

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a peculiar phenomenon that occurs during crystallization. In a new study, a group of researchers from Doshisha University, Japan, have investigated the ...

A new method to estimate equilibrium phase distribution ratios (K values) improves on the shortcomings of older methods. The method is based on the generalized fugacity charts of Lewis, Kay, and ...

When two substances are brought together, they will eventually settle into a steady state called the thermodynamic equilibrium; in everyday life, we see examples of this when oil floats on top of ...