Reinforcement learning theory posits that learning can occur by means of calculating prediction errors (PEs) 1. The seminal discovery that the phasic firing of dopamine neurons in the primate midbrain ...

• Accounting for bias is a major challenge confronting the use of observational data to gain important insights into real-world treatment effects. • No single study design will satisfy all information ...

As others go through different experiences, we can sometimes learn from watching their example. Researchers have long explained that we experience social understanding, meaning that in order to learn ...

• The choice between an observational study and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is not binary. • No algorithm exists for determining whether an observational study or an RCT is best for answering ...

All children (like all people) can be verbally and physically aggressive. All children (like all people) are more likely to act aggressively when frustrated. Neuro-developmentally atypical children ...

All children (like all people) can be verbally and physically aggressive. All children (like all people) are more likely to act aggressively when frustrated. Neuro-developmentally atypical children ...