Photocatalytic water splitting is a clean energy technology that uses sunlight to split water into oxygen and hydrogen in order to produce green hydrogen—a clean fuel—without relying on fossil fuels.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures have emerged as leading photoanode materials for solar-driven water splitting, converting sunlight into hydrogen and oxygen via a photoelectrochemical (PEC) ...

As global demand for green hydrogen surges, anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) are gaining attention as a cost-effective alternative to proton-exchange membrane systems. However, ...