Abstract: Several cutting-edge modern technologies, including hologram technology, have emerged due to the tremendous advancements of our era. The science of holography is used to make holograms, ...

Abstract: Two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation plays a key role in array signal processing by providing accurate azimuth and elevation information. This full spatial awareness is ...

As the global demand for clean and renewable energy continues to rise, harvesting low-grade energy sources such as salinity gradients has attracted increasing attention. However, achieving both high ...