Overview: An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions that takes an input and produces a clear output, just like a ...

Abstract: Online map matching (MM) aligns real-time GPS trajectories with digital road networks, playing a vital role in vehicle navigation, route planning, and traffic analysis. Hidden Markov Models ...

Abstract: In the automation era, DC motors are widely utilized across various industries due to their adaptability and efficiency. In the downside of reality, accurately modelling and controlling ...