Main Challenges in Machine Learning: 1. Insufficient or Poor-Quality Data Lack of labeled data for supervised learning. Noisy, incomplete, or biased data can lead to poor models. 2. Overfitting and Underfitting Overfitting: Model performs well on training data but poorly on new data. Underfitting: Model is too simple to capture the underlying pattern. 3. High Computational Cost Training complex models (e.g., deep learning) requires powerful hardware and GPUs. 4. Scalability Models trained on sma